Este ingreso es al margen de las negociaciones entre la Argentina y el organismo multilateral para un nuevo acuerdo por una deuda total de US$ 44.000 millones.
La Argentina sumará US$ 4.355 millones en reservas a fines de agosto próximo, cuando culmine el proceso de asignación de US$ 650.000 millones del Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) a todos los países que integran el organismo multilateral.
Este ingreso del Fondo es al margen de las negociaciones entre la Argentina y el FMI para un nuevo acuerdo por una deuda total de US$ 44.000 millones, y donde unos US$ 3.800 millones de ese capital se deben abonar en 2021 si no se alcanza un entendimiento en el período.
El ministro de Economía, Martín Guzmán, en representación de la Argentina, votó el martes a favor de la asignación de los Derechos Especiales de Giro (DEG) del FMI por US$ 650 mil millones, donde a la Argentina le corresponderá un 0,67% en función de su cuota de participación en el organismo, es decir unos US$ 4.355 millones.
El FMI abrió esta semana el proceso de votación de todos los países que culminará el 2 de agosto, y luego se procederá a realizar la ejecución de la iniciativa histórica del organismo, que alentó desde sus comienzos la titular del FMI, Kristalina Georgieva.
La votación de los 190 ministros requiere del 85% de votos positivos para su aprobación, y se descuenta que resultará favorable a la iniciativa, dado el contexto de la pandemia.
«Hoy Argentina dice sí a la nueva asignación de DEG por US$ 650 mil millones, una decisión multilateral positiva para el mundo y para nuestro país», sostuvo Guzmán el martes y agregó: «Liderazgos globales positivos y un trabajo de diplomacia multilateral del que Argentina fue parte hicieron posible este logro».
Esta iniciativa «permitirá fortalecer la posición cambiaria del país», sostuvo el Gobierno argentino. El nivel de las reservas actuales de la Argentina rondan los US$ 43.000 millones.
Precisamente el país se encuentra en «negociaciones constructivas» y avanzó recientemente durante la cumbre de Venecia del G20 en detalles técnicos en tres áreas clave de políticas para: el desarrollo del mercado de capitales doméstico, la administración tributaria y el desarrollo de sectores generadores de divisas.
Según la últimas precisiones oficiales, las partes continúan negociando por reemplazar el acuerdo Stand by por uno de Facilidades extendidas, a 10 años de plazo.
Asimismo, hay en danza otra iniciativa multilateral en el FMI para reasignar esta reservas adicionales que distribuya el FMI a países que no se encuentren en emergencia.
Durante el último encuentro de ministros de Finanzas y gobernadores de bancos centrales del G20, se discutió la creación de un «Fondo de Resiliencia y Sostenibilidad» para que los DEG de los países que no los utilicen puedan redistribuirse entre las naciones vulnerables y de ingresos medios.
«Junto a otras naciones, la Argentina apoya la creación de un mecanismo para redistribuir DEG de países que no los utilizarán hacia aquellos más necesitados de liquidez, para lidiar con los desafíos de la pandemia y una recuperación sustentable e inclusiva», expresó Economía.
El vocero del FMI, Gerry Rice precisó en una reciente conferencia de prensa que el diseño de este mecanismo aún no está definido del todo, como ser, qué tipo de países recibirán dicha reasignación.
En este sentido, resta aún definir si podrán hacer uso sólo los países más vulnerables, que ya tuvieron en el pasado una experiencia de reasignación de DEG; o también se incluirán a naciones de ingresos medios, entre los que podría calificar la Argentina.
Rice precisó que «por el momento nos concentramos en la asignación de DEG; luego vendrá el Fondo para reasignar y canalizar los fondos (de países que no los necesiten) que también estamos examinando».
No obstante, señaló que «estamos aún en una etapa temprana de desarrollo del fondo fiduciario y por lo tanto de saber quién tendría derecho a acceder» a dicho fondo.
«El DEG es un activo de reserva internacional creado en 1969 por el FMI para complementar las reservas oficiales de los países miembros», según la definición del Fondo.
La última vez que requirió de una ampliación y asignación extraordinaria de los DEG a los países miembro fue durante la crisis del 2009, desatada a raíz de la bancarrota en cadena de las hipotecas «subprime», y que comenzó en los Estados Unidos.
El DEG vale hoy 1,42 dólares y se compone de una canasta de cinco monedas: el dólar de EEUU, el euro, el renminbi chino, el yen japonés y la libra esterlina.
Según explicó Economía, el DEG «complementa las reservas oficiales de los países miembros, da liquidez pero no constituye una moneda en sí misma en el sentido estricto. Es un derecho potencial sobre un conjunto de monedas».
Esta definición es importante, a la hora de ver cuáles podrían ser los potenciales usos de la nueva moneda recibida por la Argentina.
Fuente: Telam
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